How to Create a Company in Spain as a Foreigner

Creating a company in Spain as a foreigner may seem like a complex process, but with the right information and steps, it is entirely feasible. Below are the key aspects you should consider to establish your business in this country.

1. Legal Requirements

1.1. Nationality and Residence Permit

Foreigners from non-European Union (EU) countries must have a residence permit that allows them to manage a business in Spain. There are different types of permits, such as the investor residence permit (Golden Visa) or the self-employed permit.

1.2. Foreigner Identification Number (NIE)

It is essential to obtain a NIE, which is the identification number for foreigners. This document is necessary to carry out any administrative procedure in Spain, including opening a business.

2. Types of Companies

2.1. Limited Liability Company (SL)

This is one of the most common forms for entrepreneurs. It requires a minimum capital of 3,000 euros, and the liability of the partners is limited to the contributed capital.

2.2. Public Limited Company (SA)

This type requires a minimum capital of 60,000 euros and is more suitable for companies looking for large-scale financing.

2.3. Self-Employed (Autónomo)

If you prefer to start an individual business, you can register as self-employed, without the need to create a company. However, the liability is unlimited.

3. Creation Process

3.1. Obtaining the Name Certificate

Before registering your company, you must obtain a certificate that verifies that the chosen name for your company is not already in use. This procedure is carried out at the Mercantile Registry.

3.2. Drafting the Articles of Association

The articles of association are the rules that will govern your company. They must include information about the activity, the share capital, and the administration of the company.

3.3. Opening a Bank Account

You will need to open a bank account in the name of the company and deposit the required minimum share capital.

3.4. Public Deed

Once the previous steps are completed, you must sign the public deed of incorporation before a notary.

3.5. Registration in the Mercantile Registry

Finally, register your company in the corresponding Mercantile Registry to give it legal personality.

4. Tax and Labor Obligations

4.1. Registration with Tax Authorities

It is essential to register with the Tax Agency to obtain a CIF (Tax Identification Code) and comply with your tax obligations.

4.2. Social Security

If you hire employees, you will need to register with Social Security and meet the relevant labor obligations.

Creating a company in Spain is a process that requires attention to detail and compliance with current regulations. Do not hesitate to seek professional advice to ease the path to your business's success.

Written by:
Ariana Pérez
Visa and Residence Lawyer
Publication date: January 16, 2026

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