How to Register as Self-Employed as a Foreign Resident

Registering as self-employed in Spain as a foreign resident is a process that can be straightforward if the current regulations are followed. Below are the steps and requirements necessary to establish yourself as a self-employed worker in the country.

Preconditions for Being Self-Employed in Spain

Before starting the process of registering as self-employed, it is essential to meet certain requirements:

1. Legal residence in Spain: You must have a valid residence permit. This includes both EU citizens and non-EU foreigners who have a visa that allows them to work.
2. Over 18 years old: You must be at least 18 years old or have the legal capacity to engage in economic activities.

Steps to Register as Self-Employed

1. Obtain the Certificate of Residency

The first step is to obtain the certificate of residency (certificado de empadronamiento) from your local town hall. This document certifies your residency in Spain and is essential for any administrative procedure.

2. Apply for the Foreign Identification Number (NIE)

The NIE is a personal and non-transferable number that identifies foreigners in Spain. You can apply for it at the foreigners' office or at police stations. Make sure to bring the following documents:

• Passport or identity document.
• Completed EX-15 form.
• Proof of payment of the corresponding fee.

3. Register with the Tax Agency

Once you have obtained the NIE, you must register with the Tax Agency (AEAT) as self-employed. The steps are:

• Complete the model 036 or 037, where you will indicate the economic activity you will carry out.
• Submit the model at the AEAT office corresponding to your tax residence.

4. Register in the Special Regime for Self-Employed Workers (RETA)

The next step is to register in the Special Regime for Self-Employed Workers (RETA) of the Social Security. For this, you will need:

• Submit the TA0521 form, which can be downloaded from the Social Security website.
• Provide the registration with the Tax Agency and the certificate of residency.

5. Licenses and Permits

Depending on the activity you will develop, you may need to apply for specific licenses. Check with the relevant town hall about the requirements for your activity.

Tax and Accounting Obligations

Once registered, you will need to comply with various tax obligations, such as:

• Submitting quarterly VAT and income tax declarations.
• Maintaining proper accounting of your income and expenses.

Conclusion

Registering as self-employed in Spain as a foreign resident is a process that involves several steps, but it is entirely feasible if the proper procedure is followed. Be sure to gather all necessary documentation and comply with tax regulations to avoid future inconveniences.

Written by:
Javier Dominguez
Expert Immigration Lawyer
Publication Date: August 31, 2025

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