How many years you need to live in Spain to apply for nationality

Spanish nationality is a right that allows foreigners to fully integrate into Spanish society. However, one of the fundamental requirements to apply for it is having resided in Spain for a specified period. Below, we explain how many years you need to live in the country to be eligible for nationality.

General requirements for applying for nationality

The Spanish Nationality Law establishes different residency periods depending on the personal situation of each applicant. These periods are essential and are detailed below:

1. Legal residents in Spain

10 years: This is the general period of legal and continuous residency in Spain that most applicants must fulfill.
2 years: For citizens of Ibero-American countries, Andorra, the Philippines, Equatorial Guinea, Portugal, and individuals of Sephardic origin.
1 year:
For those who were born in Spanish territory.
For people who have been married to a Spanish citizen for at least one year and are not separated.
For widows of Spanish nationals, provided that at the time of the spouse's death the couple was not separated.

2. Special situations

There are specific cases in which the residency periods may vary:

Refugees: Applicants who have refugee status can apply for nationality after a period of 5 years of residency.
Persons who have served the Spanish State: Those who have worked for the Spanish Government abroad may have a period of 5 years of residency.

Application process

Once the required residency time has been fulfilled, the process to apply for nationality consists of several steps:

Gather the necessary documentation: This includes a passport, residency card, criminal record certificate, among others.
Submit the application: It can be done through the Ministry of Justice or the Government Delegations and Sub-delegations.
Proof of integration: Applicants must demonstrate their integration into Spanish society, which includes passing a language and culture exam (DELE and CCSE).
Wait for the resolution: The resolution time may vary, but it generally ranges from 6 months to 1 year.

Conclusion

In summary, the time needed to live in Spain before applying for nationality varies depending on the applicant's nationality of origin and personal situation. It is essential to meet the established requirements and adequately prepare the documentation to ensure a successful process.

If you are considering applying for Spanish nationality, make sure to know all the details and requirements that apply to your case.

Written by:
Ariana Pérez
Visa and Residency Lawyer
Publication date: November 22, 2025