Rules on Dual Nationality in Spain

Dual nationality is a concept that generates interest and confusion among many people who wish to settle in Spain or who have ties to other countries. This article will address the current rules on dual nationality in Spain according to immigration legislation.

What is dual nationality?

Dual nationality allows a person to be considered a national of two different countries at the same time. This means that the individual has rights and obligations in both states.

Spanish legislation on dual nationality

Nationality Law

The regulation of dual nationality in Spain is mainly outlined in the Spanish Civil Code and the Immigration Law. According to Article 17 of the Civil Code, Spain allows dual nationality in certain specific cases:

1. Nationals of Ibero-American countries: Citizens from countries that are part of the Ibero-American Community of Nations can acquire Spanish nationality without renouncing their original nationality.
2. Countries with specific agreements: Spain has bilateral agreements on dual nationality with some countries, such as Andorra, the Philippines, Equatorial Guinea, and Portugal, allowing their citizens to retain their original nationality when acquiring Spanish nationality.
3. Minors: Minors who obtain Spanish nationality through their parents, if these are from countries with which Spain has dual nationality agreements, can also retain their original nationality.

Exceptions to the rule

Despite these provisions, it should be noted that Spanish legislation states that citizens of other countries not included in dual nationality agreements must renounce their original nationality when acquiring Spanish nationality.

Process to obtain Spanish nationality

To apply for Spanish nationality and, if applicable, choose dual nationality, interested parties must meet certain requirements:

1. Legal residence in Spain: Generally, a legal residence period of ten years is required, although this period is reduced to two years for citizens of Ibero-American countries.
2. Integration: Applicants must demonstrate a degree of integration into Spanish society, which includes knowledge of the language and culture.
3. No criminal record: It is essential not to have a criminal record in Spain or the country of origin.

Conclusions

Dual nationality in Spain is a viable option for citizens of certain countries, especially from Ibero-America. However, it is important to consider the exceptions and the legal requirements necessary for its acquisition. Spanish immigration law establishes a clear framework that allows many to maintain their cultural and national identity while integrating into Spanish society.

Written by:
Ariana Pérez
Visa and Residence Lawyer
Publication date: February 11, 2026

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