Immigration Procedures for Adopted Minors

International or national adoption of minors involves a series of immigration procedures that are essential to ensure their legal stay in Spain. Below are the steps and requirements necessary to formalize these procedures.

Requirements for Adoption

Before starting any procedure, it is fundamental that the adoption is legally recognized. This implies that:

Adoption Sentence: There must be a firm ruling that certifies the adoption.
Documentation: The presentation of documents such as the adoption certificate, the minor's passport, and, if applicable, the ID of the adopters will be required.

Application for Residence Authorization

Once the adoption has been formalized, the next step is to apply for residence authorization for the adopted minor. This procedure is key for the minor to legally reside in Spain.

Necessary Documentation

To carry out this application, it is important to present the following documents:

Form EX-00: Application for residence authorization.
Minor's Passport: Must be valid.
Adoption Certificate: Copy of the adoption ruling.
Registration: Certificate of registration of the minor at the address of the adopters.
Documentation of the Adopters: ID or passport and, in some cases, a family book.

Application Process

Submission: The application can be submitted at the corresponding Immigration Office or at embassies/consulates if located outside of Spain.
Resolution: The administration has a period of 3 months to resolve the application. If no resolution is issued within this timeframe, it is considered tacitly granted.
Issuance of Residence Card: Once the application is approved, a Foreigner Identity Card (TIE) will be issued, certifying the minor's residence in Spain.

Spanish Nationality

In addition to residence authorization, adoptive parents can apply for Spanish nationality for the adopted minor. This process is crucial as it guarantees all the rights and duties of a Spanish citizen.

Requirements for Nationality

To apply for nationality, the following requirements must be met:

Legal Residence: The minor must have resided in Spain for at least one year.
Additional Documentation: Proof of adoption, passport, TIE, and the minor's birth certificate.

Application Process

Submission of Application: The application is submitted at the corresponding Civil Registry.
Interview: An interview may be required to verify the authenticity of the adoption and the family environment.
Resolution: The timeframe for resolution may vary, but it generally takes about six months.

Conclusion

Immigration procedures for adopted minors are fundamental to ensuring their well-being and legality in Spain. It is advisable to have the guidance of a lawyer specialized in immigration matters to facilitate this process and ensure all legal requirements are met.

Written by:
Javier Dominguez
Expert immigration lawyer
Publication date: December 7, 2025

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